A Greek myth mentioned that Heracles had jumped into the river in an attempt to wash off the Hydra poison infused in the cloak which he could not take off. On his return, he was met by a Byzantine army under Nikephoros Ouranos at Spercheios. The Battle of Thermopylae also served as the inspiration for the film 300 (2006). Only when the Greeks were betrayed did the battle take a detrimental turn for them. Thermopylae, Modern Greek Thermopýles, also spelled Thermopílai, narrow pass on the east coast of central Greece between the Kallídhromon massif and the Gulf of Maliakós, about 85 miles (136 km) northwest of Athens (Athína).In antiquity its cliffs were by the sea, but silting has widened the distance to more than a mile. Many Greek city-states either joined Xerxes or remained neutral, while Athens and Sparta led the resistance with a number of other city-states behind them. Thermopylae is world-famous for the battle that took place there between the Greek forces (notably the Spartans, Lachedemonians, Thebans and Thespians) and the invading Persian forces, commemorated by Simonides in the famous epitaph, "Go tell the Spartans, stranger passing by, That here obedient to their laws we lie."

[1] The Hot Gates is "the place of hot springs" and in Greek mythology it is the cavernous entrances to Hades.[2]. In ancient times it was called Malis which was named after the Malians (Ancient Greek: Μαλιεῖς), a Greek tribe that lived near present-day Lamia at the delta of the river, Spercheios in Greece. The Greek resistance tried to halt Persian progress on land at the narrow pass of Thermopylae and at sea nearby in the straits of Artemisium. In 279 BC a Gallic army led by Brennus initially engaged the Aetolians who were forced to make a tactical retreat and who were finally routed by the Thessalians and Malians by the river Spercheios. The name of Hellenes, which was originally the name of a Boeotian tribe in Thessalic Phthia, (Achaea Phthiotis) may likely be related to the members of that league and may have been broadened to refer to all Greeks when the myth of their patriarch Hellen was invented. [1] This is also, in Greek mythology, the place of the cavernous entrance to Hades. In 267, the Germanic tribe of Heruli were defeated by a Roman force sent to stop them. This review is the subjective opinion of a TripAdvisor member and not of TripAdvisor LLC. The modern day highway you see in my picture is approximately where the coast was with the mountain range formed one side of the cliff.There is a modern monument dedicated to Leonidas and his brave 300 followers on one side of the highway. It derives its name from its hot sulphur springs. Thermopylae is part of the infamous "horseshoe of Maliakos" also known as the "horseshoe of death": it is the narrowest part of the highway connecting the north and the south of Greece.

He began the same way his predecessor had: he sent heralds to Greek cities—but he skipped over Athens and Sparta because of their previous responses.
(Ὦ ξεῖν', ἀγγέλλειν Λακεδαιμονίοις ὅτι τῇδε κείμεθα, τοῖς κείνων ῥήμασι πειθόμενοι.).

https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Thermopylae-Greek-history-480-BC, The History Files - The Battle of Thermopylae, HistoryNet - Greco-Persian Wars: Battle of Thermopylae. I was fortunate enough to pass through there on the way back to Athens in 2006 after a 4-day tour around mainland classical Greece with Key Tours. Diakos, after making a last stand at the bridge of Alamana with 48 of his men, was captured and killed. The level of the Malian Gulf was also significantly higher during prehistoric times and the Spercheios River was significantly shorter. Thermopylae means "hot gates" and the name is related with its hot sulphur springs. Omissions? They held their ground against the Persians but were quickly defeated by the vast enemy army, and many (if not all; sources differ) were killed, including Leonidas. The following epitaph by Simonides was written on the monument: "Go tell the Spartans, stranger passing by, that here obedient to their laws we lie."

See a modern interpretation of Herodotus's estimate. Xerxes, on the other hand, had anywhere from 70,000 to 300,000. No doubt many people would be interested to visit the modern site of the Battle of Thermopylae after watching the movie "300" in 2007. The Malian Gulf is also named after them. Rapp, George Robert; Hill, Christopher L. Hdt. The river has become hot and stayed that way ever since. The delegates to the Amphictiony were dubbed the Pylagorai (or gate-assemblers in Greek), since Demeter was a local goddess in many of her older local cults,[4] and perhaps a reference to the gates of Hades. The sea has receded over the years and it's now several kilometres away. In 997, the Bulgarian Tsar Samuel invaded Greece and advanced as far as the Peloponnese. Before invading, Xerxes implored the Spartan king Leonidas to surrender his arms. Thermopylae is primarily known for the battle that took place there in 480 BC, in which an outnumbered Greek force probably of seven thousand[5] (including the famous 300 Spartans, 500 warriors from Tegea, 500 from Mantinea, 120 from Arcadian Orchomenos, 1000 from the rest of Arcadia, 200 from Phlius, 80 from Mycenae, 400 Corinthians, 400 Thebans, 1000 Phocians, 700 Thespians, and the Opuntian Locrians) held off a substantially larger force of Persians[6] under Xerxes. It has many turns and has been the site of many vehicular accidents. Zoom in to see updated info.

…480, the Greek stand at Thermopylae in August of 480 came to naught, and the Persian land forces marched on Athens, taking and burning the Acropolis.
The vessel is en route to the port of Baltimore, USA, sailing at a speed of 15.7 knots and expected to arrive there on Sep 20, 23:00.. It's enough there for 30 minutes perhaps and it's somewhat out of the way.

[8], For three days they held a narrow route between hills and the sea against Xerxes' vast cavalry and infantry force, before being outflanked on the third day via a hidden goat path named the Anopaea Pass. This offended the proud Greeks greatly; the Athenians went so far as to toss the Persian heralds into a pit, while the Spartans followed suit and tossed them into a well. The shoreline has also advanced over the centuries because of the sedimentary deposition. If you are a resident of another country or region, please select the appropriate version of Tripadvisor for your country or region in the drop-down menu.

Their strategy involved holding a line only a few dozen yards long between a steep hillside and the sea. In 353 BC/352 BC during the Third Sacred War, fought mainly between the forces of the Delphic Amphictyonic League, principally represented by Thebes, and latterly by Philip II of Macedon, and the Phocians. There is a display explaining the real battle with weapons found at the site. The Persian assault began on August 17 and lasted for three days before the Persians finally killed the 298 Spartans who had defended the mountain pass with another small Greek contingent of roughly … UC Berk. Sending the main army in retreat, Leonidas and a small contingent remained behind to resist the advance and were defeated. It derives its name from its hot sulphur springs. A main highway now splits the pass, with a modern-day monument to King Leonidas I of Sparta on the east side of the highway. The Spartans, who were also fined in that war, actually never fought in it as they were later pardoned. Despite the disparity in numbers, the Greeks were able to maintain their position. This was the locality of Thermopylae. Ephialtes, a Greek citizen desiring reward, informed Xerxes of a path that went around Thermopylae, thus rendering the Greeks’ line useless in preventing forward advancement of the Persian army. There is also a more ancient (and touching in my opinion) clay tablet on top of the hill nearby where the Spartans made their last stand. Hdt. 7.184-85 lists an army of 2.6 million, of whom he initially specifies 240,000 were soldiers, according to his reckoning, but later says all 2.6 million.

Today the Battle of Thermopylae is celebrated as an example of heroic persistence against seemingly impossible odds. However, as the majority of the Greek army retreated, Leonidas, his 300 bodyguards, some helots (people enslaved by the Spartans), and 1,100 Boeotians remained behind, supposedly because retreating would defy Spartan law and custom.


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